🟡 درک مطلب در مورد Energy
Passage: j
Energy can be defined as the capacity of a system to perform work. It exists in various forms, including potential, kinetic, thermal, chemical, and electromagnetic energy. These different types of energy can be converted from one form to another, but the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant, according to the law of conservation of energy. j
One type of energy is potential energy, which is stored energy that can be converted into kinetic energy. For example, a compressed spring has potential energy, and when released, it converts to kinetic energy as it expands. Similarly, a ball sitting on a shelf has potential energy due to its position relative to the ground. j
Kinetic energy, on the other hand, is the energy possessed by an object in motion. The amount of kinetic energy depends on an object's mass and its velocity. For instance, a fast-moving car possesses more kinetic energy than a slow-moving bicycle. j
Thermal energy relates to the temperature of an object. As an object's temperature increases, so does its thermal energy. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects at different temperatures. For example, when you place a cold metal spoon in a hot cup of tea, heat is transferred from the tea to the spoon. j
Chemical energy is stored within the bonds of chemical substances. Breaking or forming these bonds releases or absorbs energy, respectively. Our bodies rely on chemical energy obtained from food to perform vital functions. j
Lastly, electromagnetic energy is a form of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields. It includes various forms of radiation, such as visible light, radio waves, and X-rays. Each type of electromagnetic radiation carries a different amount of energy. j
Q1. According to the law of conservation of energy, the total amount of energy in a closed system: j
a) increases over time b) decreases over time
c) remains constant d) can convert from kinetic to potential energy
Q2. Which of the following objects has the most potential energy? j
a) A stretched rubber band b) A moving car
c) A boiling pot of water d) A stationary book
Q3. What determines the amount of kinetic energy an object possesses? j
a) Its temperature
b) Its mass and velocity
c) The amount of potential energy it has
d) Its chemical composition
Q4. Thermal energy is related to: j
a) The motion of an object
b) The temperature of an object
c) The color of an object
d) The chemical composition of an object
Q5. Which type of energy is associated with visible light and X-rays? j
a) Potential energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Thermal energy
d) Electromagnetic energy
